Financial Calculator
Time Value of Money, loan payments, and amortization — like an HP-12C in your browser.
Try an example
NPV & IRR — Cash flow analysis
Enter an initial investment (period 0, usually negative) followed by expected returns at each future period. Money in is positive, money out is negative.
Depreciation schedule
How an asset's book value falls each year under three standard methods. Choose the method tax/accounting rules require.
How Time Value of Money works
A real financial calculator uses one equation linking five variables. Lock four of them and the fifth has only one possible value:
PV × (1 + i)N + PMT × ((1 + i)N − 1) / i + FV = 0
i is the per-period rate (annual rate ÷ periods per year). N is total periods. The HP-12C, TI BA II Plus, and 10bII all solve the same equation — this calculator does too.
Common scenarios
- Mortgage payment: N = months, PV = loan amount, FV = 0, solve PMT.
- Loan payoff time: Fix PMT, PV, rate, solve N.
- Retirement projection: PV = current savings, PMT = monthly contribution (negative), solve FV.
- Required rate of return: Fix PV, PMT, FV, N, solve I/Y.
- How much to save now: Fix FV (goal), PMT, N, rate, solve PV.
FAQ
What is Time Value of Money (TVM)?
TVM is the financial concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because it can earn interest. Every loan, mortgage, and savings calculation is built on it. The five variables — N (periods), I/Y (rate), PV (present value), PMT (payment), and FV (future value) — are linked by one equation; given any four, the fifth is determined.
How do I calculate a mortgage payment?
Enter N = total months (e.g. 360 for 30 years), I/Y = annual rate as a percent (e.g. 6.5), PV = loan amount (e.g. 200000), FV = 0 (loan paid off), then Solve for PMT. The result is the monthly payment, shown as negative because money is leaving your pocket.
What sign convention does this use?
Same as the HP-12C: cash inflows to you are positive, outflows are negative. For a mortgage, PV is positive (you receive the loan) and PMT is negative (you pay it back). For a savings goal, PMT is negative (you save) and FV is positive (you receive at the end).
Does this handle non-monthly periods?
Yes. The 'Periods per year' field defaults to 12 (monthly) but supports any frequency — set it to 1 for annual, 4 for quarterly, 52 for weekly, 365 for daily.
Is the amortization schedule accurate?
Yes — it uses the standard fixed-payment formula and reconciles the last row so the balance lands at exactly $0 (absorbing any floating-point drift). Real-world lenders may round each payment differently, so your actual statement could differ by pennies.
Results are for informational purposes only and are not professional financial, medical, or legal advice. Verify important numbers with a qualified professional before acting on them.